Understanding Genetics in Surrogacy

Is the surrogate mother genetically related to the baby?

The genetic link between a surrogate mother and the baby she carries depends on the type of surrogacy arrangement:

Traditional Surrogacy: In this less common form of surrogacy, the surrogate mother is genetically related to the baby. Here, the surrogate uses her own egg, fertilized with sperm from a donor or an intended father.

Gestational Surrogacy: In the more prevalent gestational surrogacy, the surrogate has no genetic ties to the baby. The embryo is created using an egg and sperm from donors or intended parents, and the surrogate carries the pregnancy.

Do surrogate mothers share blood with the baby?

During pregnancy, a surrogate shares blood with the baby through the umbilical cord, providing vital nutrients and oxygen. However, the blood type of the surrogate is not a determining factor in the child's development or health. Pre-surrogacy medical screenings ensure safety for both the surrogate and the baby.

Does a surrogate transfer DNA to the baby?

The DNA of a baby is determined solely by the biological parents — the individuals who provide the egg and the sperm. The surrogate's DNA does not mix with or alter the genetic makeup of the baby she carries. Therefore, the surrogate does not contribute genetically to the child in gestational surrogacy.

Can the baby look like the surrogate mother?

The baby's physical appearance is influenced by the genetic material of the egg and sperm donors. In gestational surrogacy, the baby will not resemble the surrogate mother since there's no genetic connection. In traditional surrogacy, the child may share physical traits with the surrogate due to her genetic contribution.

Defining the 'Real' Parents in Surrogacy

A child's "real" parents are those who raise, nurture, and love them. In surrogacy, the intended parents are the child's real parents, whether or not there's a biological connection. The emotional bond and upbringing define parenthood more than genetics.